Biological transfer of silver under silver nanoparticle exposure and nitrogen transfer via a collembolan-predatory mite food-chain and ecotoxicity of silver sulfide

The development of nanotechnology has accelerated the use silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in household chemicals and accumulation Ag sewage treatment systems. application sludge products to soils raises concerns over safety function biogeochemical cycles soil belowground ecosystem. Here, we assess potential risk transfer under AgNPs exposure its effects on trophic nitrogen (N) through a animal food chain (Folsomia candida-Hypoaspis aculeifer). formation stable sulfide (Ag2S) was also studied via single species test using F. candida. Concentrations candida increased with increasing concentration, as did those predator H. aculeifer, but bioaccumulation factors both animals were < 1. Folsomia body tissue 15N abundance declined markedly compared that aculeifer. Silver have adverse survival reproduction concentrations Ag2S concentration sludge-treated soils. showed ecotoxicity collembolan, therefore resulting from transformation fate needs be considered before biosolid are applied agricultural